The Alexander Arrangement of Elements Coronavirus Response:
CONSTRUCT YOUR OWN
IVANS/JOHNSON GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF ELEMENT SOURCES
IN THE ALEXANDER ARRANGEMENT OF ELEMENTS FORMAT

Chemical Element System


Ivans/Johnson nucleosynthesis data's Creative Commons License
makes it free to copy, print, cut, build, and educate!


(How many crosscutting subject areas can be derived from the origin of time, space, and atoms of elements?)

The Alexander Arrangement of Elements format is the same as all the other AAE models, and you are free to employ the AAE format however you wish for students in your classes to illustrate incorporation of the F-block and interconnection of the periods and blocks.


To request Ivans/Johnson nucleosynthesis Free template just tap HERE!

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We are Starstuff - Sagan


According to Wikipedia:

It is thought that the primordial nucleons themselves were formed from the quark-gluon plasma during the Big Bang as it cooled below two trillion degrees.

A few minutes afterwards, starting with only protons and neutrons, nuclei up to lithium and beryllium (both with mass number 7) were formed, but hardly any other elements. Some boron may have been formed at this time, but the process stopped before significant carbon could be formed, as this element requires a far higher product of helium density and time than were present in the short nucleosynthesis period of the Big Bang.

That fusion process essentially shut down at about 20 minutes, due to drops in temperature and density as the universe continued to expand. This first process, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, was the first type of nucleogenesis to occur in the universe.

A star formed in the early universe produces heavier elements by combining its lighter nuclei - hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron - which were found in the initial composition of the interstellar medium and hence the star. Interstellar gas therefore contains declining abundances of these light elements, which are present only by virtue of their nucleosynthesis during the Big Bang, and also cosmic ray spallation.

Larger quantities of these lighter elements in the present universe are therefore thought to have been restored through billions of years of cosmic ray (mostly high-energy proton) mediated breakup of heavier elements in interstellar gas and dust. The fragments of these cosmic-ray collisions include helium-3 and the stable isotopes of the light elements lithium, beryllium, and boron. Carbon was not made in the Big Bang, but was produced later in larger stars via the triple-alpha process.

The subsequent nucleosynthesis of heavier elements requires the extreme temperatures and pressures found within stars and supernovas. These processes began as hydrogen and helium from the Big Bang collapsed into the first stars at 500 million years. Star formation has occurred continuously in galaxies since that time.

Among the elements found naturally on Earth (the so-called primordial elements), those heavier than boron were created by stellar nucleosynthesis, supernova nucleosynthesis, and by neutron star nucleosynthesis. Synthesis of these elements occurred either by nuclear fusion (including both rapid and slow multiple neutron capture) or to a lesser degree by nuclear fission followed by beta decay.

To request Ivans/Johnson nucleosynthesis Free template just tap HERE!

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Last Update: 4/29/2020